丽蚜小蜂寄生对Q型烟粉虱生长发育的影响

为明确丽蚜小蜂寄生对Q型烟粉虱的影响,通过室内饲养观察不同龄期Q型烟粉虱被丽蚜小蜂寄生后的生长发育,并比较了被寄生后烟粉虱若虫的个体大小及死亡率。结果表明,2龄、3龄和4龄烟粉虱若虫被寄生后均能继续发育,2龄若虫蜕皮进入3龄和3龄若虫蜕皮进入4龄的时间与对照间无显著差异,而被寄生若虫的4龄期显著延长。对于同一龄期的烟粉虱若虫,丽蚜小蜂偏向于选择较大的个体寄生,2龄和3龄被寄生若虫发育后期个体比未被寄生个体大,但4龄时被寄生的个体在发育后期略小于未被寄生个体,显示丽蚜小蜂对不同龄期若虫的生长发育影响不同。2龄若虫死亡率为61.64%,显著高于3龄和4龄若虫;4龄若虫褐蛹率最高,为48.84%。表明无论寄生哪一发育阶段的烟粉虱若虫,丽蚜小蜂的寄生均为容性寄生,田间应用丽蚜小蜂防治Q型烟粉虱时在其若虫3~4龄时释放更适宜。     

浙江省不同寄主植物上烟粉虱寄生蜂之调查

为明确浙江省不同地区以及不同寄主植物上的烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci寄生蜂种类,更好地利用寄生蜂对烟粉虱进行生物防治,通过对浙江省8个地区进行田间烟粉虱末期若虫或伪蛹采样,并将其带回实验室内饲养直至寄生蜂成蜂羽化进行形态学鉴定。结果表明,在浙江省8个地区共采集到3 490头烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus mundus Mercet、狄氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus debachi RoseRosen和浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia(GiraultDodd)的数量最多,比例分别达到了53.0%、27.8%和9.9%;在温州发现的寄生蜂种类最多,共有10种;在20种寄主植物种类或品种上共发现10余种烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中17种寄主植物上共有的烟粉虱寄生蜂有蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂、12种寄主植物上共有的是浅黄恩蚜小蜂、10种寄主植物上共有的是狄氏桨角蚜小蜂;表明这3种寄生蜂是浙江省广泛分布的优势种类。     

High‐level of resistance to spinosad,emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan in populations of Thrips tabaci collected in Israel

BACKGROUND: The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a major pest of several crop plants in the genus Allium, such as onions, garlic and chives. In Israel, these crops are grown in open fields and in protected housing. This thrips is usually controlled by the application of chemical insecticides. In recent years, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan have been the major insecticides used for the control of the onion thrips. In the last 4 years, growers of chives and green onion from several regions of Israel have reported a significant decrease in the efficacy of insecticides used to control the onion thrips. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 14 populations of the onion thrips, collected mainly from chives between the years 2007 and 2011, to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan was tested using a laboratory bioassay. The majority of the populations showed significant levels of resistance to at least one of the insecticides. LC₅₀ values calculated for two of the studied populations showed that the resistance factor for spinosad compared with the susceptible population is 21 393, for carbosulfan 54 and for emamectin benzoate 36. Only two populations, collected from organic farms, were susceptible to the insecticides tested. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a high resistance level to spinosad, the major insecticide used to control the onion thrips. Resistance cases to spinosad were associated with failures to control the pest. Populations resistant to spinosad also had partial or complete resistance to other insecticides used for controlling the onion thrips. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

凋亡抑制蛋白基因dsRNA转基因烟草表达载体的构建

为了利用RNA干扰技术防治烟粉虱,需要构建凋亡抑制蛋白(IAP)基因dsRNA转基因烟草表达载体。利用PCR技术扩增烟粉虱IAP基因,将其连接到pMD18-T载体中,用BglⅡ、XhoⅠ和BamHⅠ、SalⅠ分别酶切,将获得的片段分别反向、正向连接至pUC-RNAi载体,用PstⅠ酶切pUC-RNAi-IAP,回收酶切片段,将其连接到表达载体pCAMBIA-2300-35S中,并进行酶切验证。IAPdsRNA转基因烟草表达载体的成功构建为下一步转基因烟草防治烟粉虱的研究奠定基础。     

黄色粘虫板对温室黄瓜烟粉虱成虫的诱集作用和控制效果

【目的】提高黄色粘虫板(黄板)对温室黄瓜烟粉虱成虫的诱集效果。【方法】设置黄板方向、大小、高度和密度不同处理,研究了黄板对烟粉虱成虫诱集量的影响及对烟粉虱成虫种群的控制效果。【结果】黄板方向对诱集量没有显著影响,但是平行作物行垂直悬挂黄板的诱集量稍高于垂直作物行垂直悬挂和水平悬挂黄板的诱集量(分别高28.5%和21.0%)。黄板大小对诱集量有显著影响,25cm×30cm黄板诱集量显著高于15cm×20cm黄板,单位面积诱集量20cm×25cm黄板最高。黄板高度对诱集量也有显著影响,黄瓜冠层和冠层下部15cm处黄板诱集量显著高于冠层上部50cm处的诱集量。黄板对温室内烟粉虱成虫种群具有明显的控制效果,每10m2设置1.5块黄板第5天和第10天的烟粉虱成虫减退率分别为56.0%和83.8%,校正防治效果分别达到71.1%和88.1%。【结论】黄板诱杀可有效控制温室黄瓜烟粉虱成虫种群。     

Economic injury levels for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in cotton: impact of crop price, control costs, and efficacy of control

Field studies were conducted during 1993 and 1994 in the Imperial Valley, California and Maricopa, Arizona to examine relationships between densities of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields, and to estimate economic injury levels (EILs) for pest management application. Populations of B. tabaci were manipulated by applying different numbers of insecticide applications in replicated plots. Resulting insect populations and cotton lint yields were used to develop damage functions and to estimate EILs for all life stages in relation to variable cotton prices, insecticide costs, and pest control efficacy. Economic injury levels declined with increasing cotton prices and increased as the cost of control increased, however, these changes were relatively small, based on typical ranges in price and control costs. In contrast, the efficacy of control provided by insecticide applications had a large influence on EILs, with lower efficacies being associated with higher injury levels. We developed a multiple regression model that accounted for the dynamic changes in the EIL in relation to crop price, control costs, control efficacy, and potential yield. Based on average prices and reasonable control costs and efficacy, EILs ranged from 5.9–15.2 adults/leaf, 6.1–19.8 eggs cm⁻², and 1.7–4.7 nymphs cm⁻² of leaf area. Additional research is needed to more closely relate the costs of control to the suppression of insect populations, and to define economic thresholds that will enable pest managers to maintain pest populations below EILs.     

烟粉虱在园林植物上为害及其形态变异

烟粉虱在13种园林植物和1种蔬菜上被发现。烟粉虱的形态变异与寄主叶片的结构相关。在有毛的叶片上,若虫和蛹通常体型较小,虫体背面具有大刚毛,边缘凹陷,有时深凹。在无毛的叶片上,体型较大,虫体背面具有微小刚毛,很少有大刚毛,其边缘光滑。     

云南烟草野火病菌遗传多样性分析

应用Rep-PCR分子指纹技术结合传统植物病理学分析了51个采自云南各大烟区的烟草野火病菌（Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci)以及其他不同致病变种、不同种、不同属的植物病原菌的群体遗传多样性。用REP、ERIC,BOX,IS1112和IS1113等5组专化性的引物对以上菌系基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,并对扩增指纹图谱综合进行UPGMA聚类分析,在相似水平0．92时,可将云南烟草野火病菌分为3个群,即YN1,YN2,YN3。     

25％阿克泰（Thiamethoxam）分散性粒剂防治烟粉虱试验初报

采用25％阿克泰（Thiamethoxam）可分散性粒剂4000～8000倍液进行移栽后喷雾和采用阿克泰WG2000～4000倍液进行移栽前苗期灌根处理，对番茄烟粉虱的防治效果均明显好于对照药剂，表明阿克泰WG对烟粉虱具有较高活性。试验结果表明，阿克泰WG对烟粉虱的若虫也具有较好的杀伤效果。施用阿克泰WG对番茄植株安全。     

云南省烟草野火病菌毒素的致病性评价*

 主要通过对烟草野火病菌菌株（Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci）致病力与其粗毒素毒力的相关性的研究，评价了烟草野火病菌毒素在致病过程中的作用。结果表明：①野火菌毒素毒力与其菌株的致病力呈极显著相关性，相关系数r达0.928；②高感和中感品种K326,云85对病原菌的感病性与对菌毒素的敏感性在P<0.05的水平上有相关关系；③从病斑处可以分离到该毒素，再接种能重现野火病症状；④抑菌物质对病原菌和病菌毒素的抑制作用相一致。